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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Although there is a presumption of juror impartiality in Canadian law, this presumption may be set aside where there is evidence of widespread racial bias in the community from which the jury will be drawn. Following R. v. Parks (1993), defendants are entitled to challenge potential jurors if they believe that racial bias will interfere with the ability of the jurors to judge the case impartially. Although the challenge procedure has been in place for some time, little attention has been given to whether this procedure effectively screens jurors for bias. The present study provides an in-depth examination of the challenge for cause procedure through a detailed analysis of the jury selection phase of a sample of cases that occurred in an Ontario courthouse between 2009 and 2011. A total of 32 defendants and 1,392 prospective jurors were involved in these proceedings. Only a small minority of potential jurors (8.3%) reported that they would be unable to judge the case impartially due to the defendant’s race. Despite this, triers found on average 20.9% of prospective jurors unacceptable, suggesting that something other than expressed bias motivated the determination of juror acceptability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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The important aspects of human wellbeing outlined in human rights instruments and constitutional bills of rights can only be adequately secured as and when they are rendered the object of specific rights and corresponding duties. It is often assumed that the main responsibility for specifying the content of such genuine rights lies with courts. Legislated Rights: Securing Human Rights through Legislation argues against this assumption, by showing how legislatures can and should be at the centre of the practice of human rights. This jointly authored book explores how and why legislatures, being strategically placed within a system of positive law, can help realise human rights through modes of protection that courts cannot provide by way of judicial review.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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In August 2016 Colten Boushie, a twenty-two-year-old Cree man from Red Pheasant First Nation, was fatally shot on a Saskatchewan farm by white farmer Gerald Stanley. In a trial that bitterly divided Canadians, Stanley was acquitted of both murder and manslaughter by a jury in Battleford with no visible Indigenous representation. In Canadian Justice, Indigenous Injustice Kent Roach critically reconstructs the Gerald Stanley/Colten Boushie case to examine how it may be a miscarriage of justice. Roach provides historical, legal, political, and sociological background to the case including misunderstandings over crime when Treaty 6 was negotiated, the 1885 hanging of eight Indigenous men at Fort Battleford, the role of the RCMP, prior litigation over Indigenous underrepresentation on juries, and the racially charged debate about defence of property, self-defence, guns, and rural crime. Drawing on both trial transcripts and research on miscarriages of justice, Roach looks at jury selection, the controversial "hang fire" defence, how the credibility and beliefs of Indigenous witnesses were challenged on the stand, and Gerald Stanley's implicit appeals to self-defence and defence of property, as well as the decision not to appeal the acquittal. Concluding his study, Roach asks whether Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's controversial call to "do better" is possible, given similar cases since Stanley's, the difficulty of reforming the jury or the RCMP, and the combination of Indigenous underrepresentation on juries and overrepresentation among those victimized and accused of crimes. Canadian Justice, Indigenous Injustice is a searing account of one case that provides valuable insight into criminal justice, racism, and the treatment of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
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The Court of Quebec today is an impressive institution in terms of the range and variety of its areas of responsibility in both civil and criminal matters, and also in administrative law and related matters. What is the true vocation of this Court ? Recently an Administrative and Appellate Division was created. The significance of appeals to the Court of Québec is a controversial topic, since it is not a superior court. There have been several decisive turning-points in the contemporary history of the Court. In 1965, the Supreme Court allowed a significant expansion of its civil jurisdiction to include, for example, administrative contracts and the civil liability of the Public Administration. On the other hand, in 1972 the Supreme Court deprived the Court of one of its traditional responsibilities in the field of municipal law, namely challenges to municipal by-laws on grounds of illegality. The specific role of the Court as the court of appeal for administrative law was studied in the Dussault Report in 1970, the White Paper of 1975, the Ouellette Report of 1987 and the Garant Report in 1994. During the 1970s, the Legislature continued to multiply rights of appeal to the Court, while setting up several key administrative appeal tribunals such as the Labour Court, the Transport Tribunal and the Professions Tribunal, to which it appointed judges of the Court. The Court has become the largest judicial institution in Quebec, with 270 regular judges and 33 justices of the peace. Since the 1960s, the Court has enjoyed the favour of the Quebec Legislature. However in 1996-97, the Court lost certain appeal responsibilities to the Administrative Tribunal of Québec, but remained an important appeal tribunal in a variety of fields, including expropriation, income tax, municipal taxation, electoral disputes, agricultural land protection, police ethics, housing, and access to information. The Court also hears appeals from several administrative tribunals. However, the key question here is to clarify the scope of the judicial review exercised by the Quebec Court as compared to that exercised by the Superior Court…
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