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A declaratory judgment is a determination of rights without consequential relief. Declaratory judgments can be highly useful for litigants, but they are also somewhat lacking in doctrinal clarity, raising a number of questions that go to the core of the judicial role. What does it mean to have a legal right, or to declare the existence of a legal right, if that right, while recognized, is not enforced? It has been held that a declaratory judgment is available only when there is a real dispute between the parties, but what is a real legal dispute without legal rights that can be enforced? When is it the business of courts to declare the existence of such a right?
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Variability in the blood–breath ratio (BBR) of alcohol is important, because it relates a measurement of the blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) with the co-existing breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC). The BBR is also used to establish the statutory BrAC limit for driving from the existing statutory BAC limits in different countries. The in-vivo BBR depends on a host of analytical, sampling and physiological factors, including subject demographics, time after end of drinking (rising or falling BAC), the nature of the blood draw (whether venous or arterial) and the subject’s breathing pattern prior to exhalation into the breath analyzer. The results from a controlled drinking study involving healthy volunteers (85 men and 15 women) from three ethnic groups (Caucasians, Hispanics and African Americans) were used to evaluate various factors influencing the BBR. Ethanol in breath was determined with a quantitative infrared analyzer (Intoxilyzer 8000) and BAC was determined by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The BAC and BrAC were highly correlated (r = 0.948) and the BBR in the post-absorptive state was 2 382 ± 119 (mean ± SD). The BBR did not depend on gender (female: 2 396 ± 101 and male: 2 380 ± 123, P > 0.05) nor on racial group (Caucasians 2 398 ± 124, African Americans 2 344 ± 119 and Hispanics 2 364 ± 104, P > 0.05). The BBR was lower in subjects with higher breath- and body-temperatures (P < 0.05) and it also decreased with longer exhalation times into the breath-analyzer (P < 0.001). In the post-absorptive state, none of the 100 subjects had a BBR of less than 2 100:1.
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"Combining socio-legal and ethnohistorical studies, this book presents the history of doodem, or clan identification markings, left by Anishinaabe on treaties and other legal documents from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. These doodems reflected fundamental principles behind Anishinaabe governance that were often ignored by Europeans, who referred to Indigenous polities in terms of tribe, nation, band, or village - classifications that failed to fully encompass longstanding cultural traditions of political authority within Anishinaabe society. Making creative use of natural history, treaty pictographs, and the Ojibwe language as an analytical tool, Doodem and Council Fire delivers groundbreaking insights into Anishinaabe law. The author asks not only what these doodem markings indicate, but what they may also reveal through their exclusions. The book also outlines the continuities, changes, and innovations in Anishinaabe governance through the concept of council fires and the alliances between them. Original and path-breaking, Doodem and Council Fire offers a fresh approach to Indigenous history, presenting a new interpretation grounded in a deep understanding of the nuances and distinctiveness of Anishinaabe culture and Indigenous traditions."-- Provided by publisher.
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"Contains over 65,000 legal terms, each clearly and precisely defined in plain English. Fully revised with new material on every page, the 12th edition features over 2,500 new terms"-- Publisher's website, viewed on June 11, 2024.
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"L'auteur aborde les différentes réalités reliées à la faillite et à l'insolvabilité, la réorganisation d'entreprises de même que la protection des salariés qu'il regroupe en dix titres. Chaque titre est associé à un thème spécifique dont la présentation a pour objectif central de permettre aux praticiens, aux étudiants et aux personnes touchées par cette situation non seulement d'avoir une vue d'ensemble du régime mis en place, mais également de faciliter les liens à faire entre chacun des thèmes. Conçu comme un tout, l'ouvrage se veut un outil pour aider le lecteur à bien établir le cadre juridique nécessaire, selon le contexte, à la détermination de la solution appropriée en se servant, notamment, de son index analytique et du synopsis. La Réforme de 2009 a considérablement modifié la façon de penser et les manières de faire. Avec l'apport de nos juges, la 5ᵉ édition en a été largement tributaire. Pourquoi une 6ᵉ édition? Essentiellement, parce que le temps était venu de faire une rétrospective. Cette édition tient compte des modifications apportées par le législateur depuis la dernière édition ainsi que les ajustements que le contexte de pandémie a nécessité depuis 2020. Outre le fait de l'enrichir avec de nouveaux commentaires et la mise à jour de l'information colligée dans l'édition précédente, l'auteur commente les modifications suivantes : l'obligation nouvelle d'agir de bonne foi; les biens détenus par le failli dans un régime enregistré d'épargne-invalidité; la désignation professionnelle des syndics; la survie d'un droit de propriété intellectuelle en cas de disposition ou de résiliation; l'enquête concernant le paiement fait par une personne morale faillie d’une indemnité de départ ou de préavis, d'une prime d'encouragement ou de tout autre avantage à un administrateur, dirigeant ou à quiconque dirige ou supervise les activités commerciales et les affaires internes de la personne morale dans la période suspecte prévue par la Loi; les situations nouvelles donnant droit aux prestations du programme de protection des salariés ainsi que les mesures prises pour bonifier celles-ci; l'instruction du surintendant des faillites aux fins de l'établissement du revenu excédentaire et les Directives du surintendant des faillites. Cette nouvelle édition fait également état de la jurisprudence récente portant, entre autres, sur les fiducies présumées et le 'debtor in possession financing'; la doctrine de la prépondérance fédérale; la proposition de consommateur conjointe et la question de savoir si l'amende imposée par un ordre professionnel à un membre devenu failli est une réclamation prouvable dont il ne peut être libéré"
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